Effect of enzyme supplementation to parboiled rice polish based diet on broiler performance

M M Rahman*, M B R Mollah, F B Islam and M A R Howlider

Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University,
Mymensingh, Bangladesh
mbrmollah@yahoo.com
*Part of MSc Thesis

Abstract

A total of 120 day old straight run Hubbard Classic broilers were fed ad libitum on a parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet either with or without 4 different enzymes; Rhodizyme-CF (0.5g/kg), Roxazyme-G (0.1g/kg), Nopcozyme-ii (0.35g/kg) and Kemezyme (0.5g/kg) up to 42 days of age to observe whether addition of enzyme would improve broiler performance.

The growth rate, feed conversion, dressing yield and profitability were increased by addition of all enzymes. Enzyme addition did not alter feed intake and livability. However, Roxazyme and Nopcozyme were more profitable than the others.

It may be concluded that it is possible to formulate cheaper enzyme-supplemented PRP based diets for broilers to maximize performance and profitability.

Keywords: broiler, enzyme, rice polish based diet

Introduction

Among all of the edible grain byproducts, parboiled rice polish (PRP) is available in Bangladesh throughout the year. It is also a cheaper ingredient and might be an alternative to wheat or maize. Eshwaraiah et al (1988), Mahbub et al (1989) and Tsvetnov and Dunesa (1990) reported that rice polish as partial replacement of wheat up to 30% in a broiler diet had no detrimental effect on performance. Rice polish constitutes about 10% of paddy and is available in large quantities in major rice growing areas of the world (Houston and Kohlar 1970). PRP is extensively used in poultry diets in India and some Afro-Asian countries as a cheap energy source.

Rice polish contains some non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) such as cellulose, xylose, arabinose, and galactonic acid that are not easily digested by poultry. The anti-nutritional effect of these NSP is manifested by poor growth accomplished by depressed nutrient utilization (Annison and Choct 1991). Their adverse effects can be overcome by dietary supplementation of exogenous enzymes (Bedford 1995). Enzymes have been approved for use in poultry diets because they are natural fermented products and, therefore, will not create a detrimental effect on the animal as well as on consumers. The use of enzymes in poultry feeds has predominantly been related to the hydrolysis of fiber or non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fractions in cereal grains. These NSPs cannot be digested by the endogenous enzymes of poultry and can have anti-nutritive effects. These NSPs can bind to large amounts of water and as a result, the viscosity of fluids in the digestive tract is increased. The increased viscosity causes problems in the small intestine because it reduces the substrate-enzyme interaction, which reduces nutrient availability particularly fat (Danicke et al 2000) and results in increased amount of sticky droppings (Pettersson et al 1990).

There are many enzymes available in the market. In practical poultry feeding, the choice of appropriate enzymes for a particular diet is important. The main enzyme preparations currently available are targeted for barley-soybean, maize-wheat-soybean and wheat-rye-soybean based poultry feeds. But, it is not definitely known which enzyme will be better for an PRP based diet. The enzymes are often used by the farmers without their understanding of the mechanisms and which enzymes should be used.  Considering the above facts, the present study was designed to determine the performance of broilers fed on a  parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet, supplemented with different enzymes.

Materials and Methods

The experiment was carried out in Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm. One hundred and twenty day old commercial broiler chicks were distributed at random into five treatments consisting of different enzymes as follows:

• CON: Control diet (without enzyme)

• RHO: Rhodizyme-CF

• ROX: Roxazyme-G

• NOP: Nopcozyme-ii

• KEM: Kemezyme

 There were three replications of each treatment with each replicate having 8 birds. The birds were housed in floor pens with free access to feed and water throughout the experimental period of 6 weeks. The mixed enzymes were used at the rate of 0.5 g kg^-1, 0.1 g kg^-1, 0.35 g kg^-1 and 0.5 g kg^-1 for RHO, ROX, NOP and KWM,  respectively 

The components of these enzymes are shown in Table 1.

The proximate composition of the diets was determined according to AOAC (1995) (Table 2).

Feed intake and live weight was recorded on a replicate basis. The recorded data were analyzed by ANOVA using the Genstat Computer Package, in accordance with the principle of Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Least Significance Differences (LSD) were calculated to compare variations among treatments where the ANOVA showed significant differences.

Results

Growth performance

The results of live weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio fed on diets with or without four different commercial enzymes are shown in Table 3.

 Feed intake, growth and feed conversion

Feed intake was not affected by addition of enzymes, but growth performance, feed conversion and yield of dressed carcass were improved (Table 3). There were no differences among enzymes for these traits. Dietary enzymes had no effect on shank weight, gizzard weight, liver weight, head weight, heart weight and feather weight.

Livability

There were no differences in livability attributable to enzyme supplementation (Table 3).

Total cost and profit of producing broiler

Total cost of production and profit of broiler fed different dietary enzyme to PRP based diet are shown in Table 4.

The feed cost (Tk/kg live weight) was decreased by using the enzymes (Table 4).

Discussion

The better growth rates due to enzyme supplementation found in this study fully agree with many previous findings (Biswas et al 1999; Augelovicova and Micalik; 1997; Jamroz et al 1995; Swain and Johri 1999; Morkunas et al 1993). These authors concluded that improved feed utilization due to enzyme supplementation was responsible for the increased live weight gain in broilers on similar levels of dietary nutrient concentration. Reported effects of enzyme supplementation on feed intake range from no effect (Adrizal and Ohtani 2002; Ritcher et al 1994) to a decrease  (Kadam et al 1991), while Augelovicova and Michalik (1997), Lesson et al (1996) and Ranade and Rajmane (1992) found increased feed intake due to increased nutrient digestibility. The improved feed conversion due to enzyme supplementation in the present study is supported by the findings of Huazhong et al (1999), Wang et al (1997), Al Bustany (1996), Jamroz et al (1995), Vranjes et al (1994), Gadient and Broze (1992) and Lund (1987).

The higher carcass yield for diets with added enzymes is in agreement with the report of Lesson et al (1996), who reported that the increased dressing yield for the addition of enzyme was due to higher fat deposition in the carcass. In contrast, Biswas et al (1999) observed that carcass yield did not differ among different enzymatic dietary groups.

Cost and profit analysis

Feed cost was reduced (Tk/kg broiler) (p<0.01) due to enzyme supplementation of the control diet. Several previous studies (Augelovicova and Michalik 1997; Morkunas et al 1993) have reported that feed cost was reduced by enzyme supplementation. The increased profit (Tk/broiler and Tk/kg broiler) for enzyme supplementation to the PRP based diet in this study agreed with the findings of Hosamani et al (2001). They reported that profit increased due to low feed cost and faster growth rate of broilers that was obtained by addition of an enzyme mixture.

Meat yield characteristics

The highest meat yield as observed on the Roxazyme-containing diet agreed with the report of Lesson et al (1996). They reported increased dressing yield for the addition of enzyme due to higher fat deposition in the carcass. But Biswas et al (1999) observed that carcass yield showed no significant differences among different enzymatic dietary groups.

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